When the smog program started, older cars required a smog device be installed. The device was 2 vacuum caps, one cap went to the carburetor (remember those?) the other cap went on the vacuum advance of the distributor. Basically remove the vacuum advance hose and plug both ends. This dramatically lowered the emissions and all it did was keep the vacuum advance from working. The problem was the cars would stumble and run like shit, so everyone put the nice little vacuum caps on for testing, and promptly removed and reinstalled the hose after the test.